MEEOM LIVER MONTH, November 2022
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The overall prevalence of NAFLD worldwide was estimated to be 32·4%. How to reverse NAFLD in 21 Days?
 
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide and the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. We aimed to predict the burden of NAFLD by examining and estimating the temporal trends of its worldwide prevalence and incidence.
 
The search identified 28 557 records, of which 13 577 records were screened; 299 records were also identified via other methods. In total, 72 publications with a sample population of 1 030 160 individuals from 17 countries were included in the prevalence analysis, and 16 publications with a sample population of 381 765 individuals from five countries were included in the incidence analysis. The overall prevalence of NAFLD worldwide was estimated to be 32·4% (95% CI 29·9–34·9). Prevalence increased significantly over time, from 25·5% (20·1–31·0) in or before 2005 to 37·8% (32·4–43·3) in 2016 or later (p=0·013). Overall prevalence of NAFLD was significantly higher in men than in women (39·7% [36·6–42·8] vs 25·6% [22·3–28·8]; p<0·0001). The overall incidence of NAFLD was estimated to be 46·9 cases per 1000 person-years (36·4–57·5); 70·8 cases per 1000 person-years (48·7–92·8) in men and 29·6 cases per 1000 person-years (20·2–38·9) in women (p<0·0001). There was considerable heterogeneity between studies of both NAFLD prevalence (I2=99·9%) and NAFLD incidence (I2=99·9%).
 
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science without language restrictions for reports published between date of database inception and May 25, 2021. We included observational cross-sectional or longitudinal studies done in study populations representative of the general adult population, in whom NAFLD was diagnosed using an imaging method in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis. Studies were excluded if conducted in paediatric populations (aged <18 years) or subgroups of the general population. Summary estimates were extracted from included reports by KR and independently verified by HA using the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes framework. Primary outcomes were the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate overall and sex-specific pooled effect estimates and 95% CIs.
 
Worldwide prevalence of NAFLD is considerably higher than previously estimated and is continuing to increase at an alarming rate. Incidence and prevalence of NAFLD are significantly higher among men than among women. Greater awareness of NAFLD and the development of cost-effective risk stratification strategies are warranted to address the growing burden of NAFLD.
 
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References
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Case-finding strategies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
JHEP Rep. 2020; 3100219
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Epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Gastroenterol. 2021; 34: 404-414
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The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.
BMJ. 2021; 372: n71
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http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
Date accessed: November 3, 2021
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
https://kaplan-nafld-ucalgary.hub.arcgis.com/
Date accessed: February 23, 2022
6. Lonardo A Nascimbeni F Ballestri S et al.
Sex differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: state of the art and identification of research gaps.
Hepatology. 2019; 70: 1457-1469
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Liver fat quantification: where do we stand?. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2020; 45: 3386-3399
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The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The Lancet, Published:July 04, 2022
9. WHO Global Health Observatory data repository, Prevalence of overweight among adults, BMI ≥ 25, age-standardized Estimates by WHO Region. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.GLOBAL2461A?lang=en, Date accessed: November 3, 2021