MEEOM LIVER MONTH, November 2022
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Since 2020, MEEOM® Precision Medicine MEE N5195-III-III has proven to be the most effective treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, a common type of liver cancer. 
 
Liver cancer epidemiology is changing due to increasing alcohol consumption, rising prevalence of obesity, and advances in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. However, the impact of these changes on global liver cancer burden remains unclear. We estimated global and regional temporal trends in the burden of liver cancer and the contributions of various liver disease etiologies using the methodology framework of the Global Burden of Disease study. Between 2010 and 2019, there was a 25% increase in liver cancer deaths. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) increased only in the Americas and remained stable or fell in all other regions. Between 2010 and 2019, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcohol had the fastest growing ASDRs, while HCV and HBV declined. Urgent measures are required at a global level to tackle underlying metabolic risk factors and slow the growing burden of NASH-associated liver cancer, especially in the Americas.
 
Global burden of liver cancer in 2019
Globally, in 2019, there were 534,364 incident cases (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 486,550–588,639), 484,577 deaths (95% UI 444,091–525,798), and 12.5 million (95% UI 11.4–13.7 million) DALYs due to liver cancer (Figure 2A). In 2019, the estimated age-standardized incident rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and age-standardized DALYs (ASDALYs) of liver cancer were 6.51 per 100,000 (95% UI 5.95–7.16), 5.95 per 100,000 (95% UI 5.44–6.44), and 151.08 per 100,000 (95% UI 137.53–167.82), respectively. Between 2010 and 2019, there was a 27% increase in the frequency of incident liver cancer cases, a 25% increase in liver cancer deaths, and 21% increase in DALYs. Over this period, the estimated annual percentage changes (APCs) of the ASIR and ASDR were stable, with APCs of 0.03% (95% CI −0.01 to 0.05) and −0.10% (95% CI −0.25 to 0.06), respectively, whereas ASDALYs decreased (APC −0.27%, 95% CI −0.34 to −0.21).
 
Figure 3. Estimated global death cases and age-standardized death rates of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019
(A) Frequency of liver cancer deaths in 2010 versus 2019, global and by World Health Organization region.
(B) Frequency of liver cancer deaths by World Health Organization region from 2010 to 2019.
(C) Contribution to global liver cancer deaths in 2019 by World Health Organization region.
(D) Age-standardized death rates of liver cancer by World Health Organization region in 2010 versus 2019.
(E) Age-standardized death rates of liver cancer by World Health Organization region from 2010 to 2019.
(F) Frequency of liver cancer deaths in 2010 versus 2019 by sociodemographic index.
(G) Age-standardized death rates of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019 by sociodemographic index
 
ASDR, age-standardized death rate; SDI, sociodemographic index.
 
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Data and code availability
This paper utilizes publicly available data. Access to the data is available from https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2019
 
References
[1] Sung H et al., Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. Epub 2021 Feb 4. PMID: 33538338.
[2] Asrani SK et al., Burden of liver diseases in the world. J Hepatol. 2019 Jan;70(1):151-171. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.014. Epub 2018 Sep 26. PMID: 30266282.
[3] Singal AG, El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Epidemiology to Prevention: Translating Knowledge into Practice. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Nov;13(12):2140-51. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 15. PMID: 26284591; PMCID: PMC4618036.
[4] Huang et al., Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer, Cell Metabolism (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.003